Synthesis and characterization of novel porphyrin derivatives for dye solar cell

In this research, novel porphyrin derivatives containing variety of linkers on meso and β-pyrrolic position of prophyrins were synthesized and characterized. In the synthesis part. Lindsey reaction, Sonogashira coupling, Suzuki coupling. Ulman coupling and Knoevenagel condensation were key reactions for synthesized porphyrins. The targeted porphyrins were synthesized and designed to study properties and effects of dyes in DSSC. To study electron transfer and electron accepter, the designed porphyrin containing thiophene ethynyl phenyl and thiophene ethynyl derivatives which were linker of porphyrin core for increasing electron transfer as well as carboxylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid which were designed to be used as an acceptor were prepared. The effects of pi-conjugation linkers in the spacer to optical were studies by various members of thiophene units: one, two and three and linkers. Moreover, substituents on meso position of porphyrins were varied. terl-Butyl phenyl and tert-carbazole phenyl were used for studying the solubility and aggregation of porphyrin dyes. For UV-Vis spectroscopy, the electronic absorption spectrum of all targeted porpyrin dyes showed two district regions at 420-450 nm and 550-650 nm that were UV-Vis spectra characteristics of porphyrin compounds. The electrochemical properties of targeted porphyrin dyes indicated that all dyes were an excellent electron donor-acceptor transfer and showed stable electrochemical properties and studied HOMO LUMO calculation which were suitable for using as a dye in solar cell. Finally, the targeted porphyrin dyes were used to study the applications in due-sensitized solar cells. All porphyrin dyes showed the overall conversion efficiency around 2.15-0.48%. The porphyrin 138, containing with Dornor-pi-acceptor gave a higher the overall conversion efficiency of 2.15% was around 75% of standard N3 dye. The second order was the porphyrin 122. Containing two thiophene units as pi-conjugation linker and cyanocarylic acid as an electron accepter. It was found that the overall conversion efficiency of 2.12% was around 74% of standard N3 dye.